第一部分：SCI写作经典替换词汇
1. individuals, characters, folks 替换 people , persons.
2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换 good.
3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换 bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。）
4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换 many.
5. a slice of, quiet a few 替换 some.
6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换 think。
7. affair, business, matter 替换 thing.
8. shared 替换 common .
9. reap huge fruits 替换 get many benefits.
10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.
11. Increasing(ly), growing 替换 more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.）
12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换 hardly.
13. beneficial, rewarding 替换 helpful.
14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换 customer.
15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换 very.
16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
17. indispensable 替换 necessary.
18. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.
19. capture one s attention 替换 attract one s attention.
20. facet, demension, sphere 替换 aspet.
21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换 indicate,suggest, fear.
22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换 cause.
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换…reasons for sth.
24. desire 替换 want.
25. pour attention into 替换 pay attention to.
26. bear in mind that 替换 remember.
27. enjoy, possess 替换 have（注意process是过程的意思）。
28. interaction 替换 communication.
29. frown on sth 替换 be against , disagree with sth .
30. as an example 替换 for example, for instance.
31. next to / virtually impossible 替换 nearly / almost impossible.
32. regarding / concerning 替换 about.
33. crucial /paramount 替换 important.
34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；第二（there is one more point, I should touch on, that…）；第三（the last but not the least）.
35. assiduous 替换 hard-working.
36. arduous 替换 difficult.
37. underdeveloped / financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）.
38. demonstrate / manifest 替换 show.
39. invariably 替换 always.
40. perilous / hazardous替换 dangerous.
41. formidable 替换 difficult.
42. quintessential 替换 typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）.
43. distinguished 替换 famous.
44. feasible 替换 possible.
45. consequently, accordingly替换 so.
46. 通常，由数据推断出一定的结论，用Results indicate, infer, suggest, imply that……
47. 最常见的引述别人观点的词汇
Much of the research in sexual selection in the last two decades has examined how a female’s preference that does not influence her immediate reproductive success can still evolve if it is genetically correlated with another character under direct selection.(不要每次写到研究时总用study，可以用些其它的词汇，比如examine，work。)
Two hypotheses for female preference evolution—runaway sexual selection and good genes selection—state that preferences evolve indirectly because they are genetically correlated with male traits that are under direct selection; that is, the preferences themselves are not under direct selection.(在引述别人的观点时，如果不能完全同意，使用state 比show更加中立些。)
Studies of receiver biases suggest that such analogies might not be broadly applicable.(suggest,又一种较为客观的引述观点的表达方法。)
Burley argued that the preference for red beaks is adaptive because it indicates male health, and this preference is then transferred to leg-band color.(argue,引用别人观点的又一表述。)
According to the
anti-monotony hypothesis, habituation plays an important role in the
evolution of complex vocalizations in songbirds: Increased song
complexity reduces habituation of neighboring males and courting
females.(根据…)
Previous studies of acoustic and bioluminescent interactions had emphasized potential advantages to group-signaling organization, such as minimizing predation, preserving species-specific signal characters, or increasing the attractiveness of the group.(带有小小的强调)
48.常见的连接词有，However, also, in addition, consequently, afterwards, moreover, Furthermore, further, although, unlike, in contrast, Similarly, Unfortunately, alternatively, parallel results, In order to, despite, For example, Compared with, other results, thus, therefore……用好连接词能使文章层次清楚，意思明确。比如，叙述有时间顺序的事件或文献，最早的文献可用AA advocated it for the first time.接下来可用Then BB further demonstrated that. 再接下来，可用Afterwards, CC……如果还有，可用More recent studies by DD……
第二、经典词汇替换补充部分
1、 framework, technique替代method, approach, methodology
2、 compose of 替代 consist of, made up of
3、 处理：deal with, address, tackle, solve, process, overcome
4、superiority 替代 advantage
5、present, propose, put forward, develop, design
6、exhibit 展示出，可以替代show
7、utilize, adopt, employ, use, conduct, implement
8、 表述“实验结果表明…”时除了用show, indicate, 也可以使用suggest, reveal, prove
9、 critical, pivotal替代 key
10、essential, important, significant
11、 roughly equal 几乎相等
12、 operate, work, serve
13、 severely, extremely, dramatically 严重的
14、 correspondingly 连词，相应地
15、 lead to, cause, result in
16、 enhance, boost替代improve, increase
17、suitable, appropriate
18、 adequate替代enough
19、 scarce, insufficient, inadequate, deficient
20、 inherit 继承，如继承了某某方法的优点或缺点
21、 alleviate, mitigate 减轻，缓解；aggravate 加剧
22、 shortcomings, problems, deficiency, limitation
23、 verify, validate, prove
24、demonstrate 论证，展示
25、 instances, samples, points, data
26、 novel, new
27、generate, produce, achieve
28、 obtain, get
29、 compute, calculate
30、 illustrate, describe; 描述图表时illustrate, depict, show, indicate均可用
31、research, study, investigation
32、additionally, in addition 替代 also, besides
33、 it is rarely reported 很少有人研究
34、essentially 本质上
35、 解释公式时可以用 indicate, denote, represent
36、 construct, develop, design, establish
37、in the range of 在…范围内
38、 precision, accuracy
39、remaining 代替 other
40、 a variety of 替代 many
第三部分：SCI写作内核词汇
1、英语论文写作中常用的逻辑连接词：逻辑连接词也是文章逻辑最直观的体现
并列递进 | moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally |
转折 | not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of，rather than, instead of, unfortunately |
解释 | in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms |
对比比较 | Likewise, Similarly, In parallel to, while, whereas, |
原因 | because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason |
结果 | therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence |
举例 | for example, for instance, as such, such as, take ...for example, to illustrate, to name a few |
总结 | overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly |
强调 | surprisingly, interestingly, intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently, in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly, notably, specifically, particularly, especially firstly, ... secondly, ... finally ...; first, ... then ... etc. |
让步 | although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, given that |
可能 | presumably, probably, perhaps |
2.1、大家在文章中肯定有这样一句，虽然这个科学问题很重要，然而有哪个具体的细节关键我们还不知道。“不知道”有哪些表述方式呢？
virtually/largely unknown, elusive, unclear, much less explored, surprisingly limited, less understood, unsolved, scarcely understood
2.2、如果是研究某些新材料、新技术等，我们在文章中又该从哪几个方面来夸我们的成果呢？
reliability and validity, robust and fundamental, efficiency and specificity, cost-effectiveness(price), the simplicity of the protocols, the amount of labor required, equipment requirement，necessary or sufficient
2.3、在引用别人文献中的论点论据时，我们该如何表述“别人说”呢？
clearly/obviously demonstrate, reveal, illustrate, prove, show, report, implicate, confirm, describe
2.4、“执行动词”的第N种表示方法。在引述别人工作的时，别人都如何“做”呢？
examine, perform, carry out, observe, compare, investigate, indicate, show, manipulate, test, establish, identify, detect, stimulate, analyse, assess, suggest, propose, speculate, determine, find, apply, purify, construct a model, devised a protocol, calculate, categorize, conduct, imply, measure, explore, reason, observe, summarize, conduct, reveal, measure, estimate, employ, support, resolve
2.5、关于“方式方法”的“效应”评价，你真的可以玩转吗？
plays a central/ pivotal/ vital key/essential role
a powerful regulator/ a key molecular determinant, a well-accepted model
influence, affect, rescue, reverse, lead to, contribute to, attribute to, ascribe to, drop, reduce, increasing, attenuate, ameliorate, improve, mount, accumulate
2.6、写文章免不了溯古叙今，“时间表述词”，你掌握了吗？
recently, most recently, at the same time/period, since then, for several decades
2.7、重大影响的描述，教你如何夸“成果”
pushing the boundariesrecent/enormous advance, progress, knowledge, historic, perspectives, new/novel insights, seminal discovery, an emerging theme, major/important findings, a better understanding
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